انٹرنیٹ پر ماں کے دودھ کی خرید و فروخت؟ انٹرنیٹ پر کتابوں اور جوتوں سے لے کر ریفریجریٹرز تک تقریباﹰ سبھی کچھ خریدا جا سکتا تھا لیکن اب وہاں ماں کا دودھ بھی دستیاب ہے۔ کیا یہ دودھ نہ پلا سکنے والی ماؤں کے لیے حقیقی متبادل، بچوں کے لیے خطرہ یا پھر کار خیر ہے

جرمنی میں ماں کے دودھ کی خرید و فروخت کی بنیاد تانیا میولر کی طرف سے رکھی گئی اور اس سال جنوری سے ان کی انٹرنیٹ ویب سائٹ پر ماں کے دودھ کی خرید و فروخت جاری ہے۔ وہ کہتی ہیں، ’’میرے پاس دودھ زیادہ ہوتا تھا اور میں اضافی دودھ پھینک دیتی تھی۔ لیکن یہ اصل میں بہت ہی سادہ خیال تھا کہ ایک ماں کا دودھ دوسری ماں کو دے دیا جائے۔ ایسا ہوتا ہے کہ ایک کے پاس اضافی دودھ ہوتا ہے اور دوسری ماں کے پاس بچے کی ضرورت سے کم۔‘‘ تانیا میولر کا یہ موقف اپنی جگہ لیکن ماں کے دودھ کی آئن لائن خرید و فروخت پر شدید تنقید بھی کی جا رہی ہے۔

ماں کے دودھ کی خرید و فروخت

جرمنی کے برعکس امریکا میں گزشتہ دس برسوں سے ماں کے دودھ کی خریدو فروخت یا تبادلہ جاری ہے۔ ماں کے دودھ سے متعلق انٹرنیٹ پلیٹ فارم کے قیام کی وجہ کئی دیگر وجوہات بھی بتائی جاتی ہیں، کئی خواتین کے پاس قدرتی طور پر کم دودھ ہوتا ہے اور کئی خواتین کے آپریشن ہو چکے ہوتے ہیں۔ تانیا میولر کہتی ہیں کہ وہ اپنے آن لائن پلیٹ فارم کے ذریعے دونوں طرح کی ماؤں، دودھ تلاش اور فراہم کرنے والیوں کا آپس میں رابطہ کروانا چاہتی ہیں۔ وہ کہتی ہیں کہ ویب سائٹ پر ہر ماں کے لیے پانچ ہدایات دی گئی ہیں، جو ہر کسی کو پڑھنی چاہییں۔ پہلی ہدایت یہ ہے کہ اپنے مضافات میں کوئی ایسی خاتون تلاش کی جائے، جو دودھ عطیہ کرنا یا بیچنا چاہتی ہو۔ قریب ہی رہنے والی خاتون سے براہ راست ملاقات بھی کی جا سکتی ہے تاکہ اعتماد میں اضافہ ہو۔

تانیا میولر اپنی ویب سائٹ پر دودھ خریدنے یا بیچنے سے متعلق اشتہار کے لیے پانچ یورو (تقریباﹰ 650 پاکستانی روپے) وصول کرتی ہے جبکہ دودھ سے متعلق قواعد و ضوابط اور قیمت وغیرہ دونوں مائیں یا دونوں پارٹیاں خود طے کرتی ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ دودھ براہ راست خود بھی ڈیلیور کیا جا سکتا ہے یا پھر فریز کیا ہوا دودھ ڈاک کے ذریعے بھیجا جا سکتا ہے۔ ڈاک کے ذریعے ماں کے دودھ کی فراہمی کے لیے ضروری ہے کہ کولڈ چین کو برقرار رکھا جائے لیکن کیا یہ سب کچھ انتہائی آسان ہے؟

دودھ کے معیار پر تنقید

تاہم انٹرنیٹ سے ماں کی دودھ کی خریدو فروخت پر شدید تنقید بھی سامنے آئی ہے۔ سب سے سخت تنقید جرمنی میں ’ماؤں کے دودھ سے متعلق نیشنل کمیشن‘، خطرات کی تشخیص کے وفاقی جرمن ادارے( بی ایف آر) اور بچوں کی غذا سے متعلق جرمن سوسائٹی(ڈی جی کے جی) کی طرف سے کی گئی ہے۔ ان اداروں کا کہنا ہے کہ بغیر تجزیے اور کوالٹی کنٹرول کے کسی دوسری ماں کے دودھ کا استعمال خطرے سے خالی نہیں، ’’ماہرین اور ڈاکٹروں کے مطابق ڈونر ماؤں کے دودھ کے ذریعے بیکٹیریا، جراثیم یا وائرس کی ممکنہ ٹرانسمیشن کا خطرہ ہے۔‘‘

تاہم جرمنی میں ’مدر مِلک بینک‘ بھی قائم ہیں اور یہ مختلف ہسپتالوں سے منسلک ہیں۔ پوٹسڈام میں بیرگمان کلینک کے سربراہ ڈاکٹر مشائیل راڈکے ’مدر مِلک بینکوں‘ میں رکھے گئے ماؤں کے دودھ کے معیار سے متعلق کہتے ہیں کہ وہ دودھ عطیہ کرنے والی خواتین کے پہلے تمام ممکنہ (ہیپاٹائٹس، یرقان، ایچ آئی وی یا وائرل متعدی امراض کے) ٹیسٹ کرتے ہیں اور اس کے بعد ہی ان کا دودھ ’مدر مِلک بینک‘ میں رکھا جاتا ہے۔ اس کے بعد ماں کے دودھ کو فریز کر دیا جاتا ہے اور حتمی طور پر کسی بچے کو پلانے سے پہلے ایک مرتبہ پھر دودھ کے ٹیسٹ کیے جاتے ہیں۔

ماہرین کا کہنا ہے کہ اس مقصد کے لیے ’مدر مِلک بینکوں‘ کی تعداد میں اضافہ کیا جانا چاہیے نہ کہ آئن لائن خریدو فروخت کا کاروبار شروع کر دیا جائے۔

Several wounded as Afghan soldier opens fire at British military academy

KABUL (Reuters) - A U.S. general was killed and more than a dozen people were wounded on Tuesday, including a German general, in the latest insider attack by a man believed to be an Afghan soldier, U.S., German and Afghan officials said.

The U.S. Army said late on Tuesday the slain general was Major General Harold Greene, a senior officer with the international military command ISAF. He was the most senior U.S. military official killed in action overseas since the war in Vietnam, military officials said.

"These soldiers were professionals, committed to the mission," U.S. Army Chief of Staff Ray Odierno said in a statement, referring to the soldiers killed and wounded in the attack.

Pentagon spokesman Rear Admiral John Kirby told reporters that "many were seriously wounded," and the gunman was killed in the attack, which took place on Tuesday at the Marshal Fahim National Defense University, a training center in Kabul.

The attack raised fresh questions about the ability of NATO soldiers to train and advise Afghan security forces as western nations gradually withdraw. The U.S. and German generals were on a routine visit, the Pentagon said.

A U.S. official said the gunman fired on the foreign soldiers using a light machine gun. Afghanistan's Defense Ministry described him as a "terrorist in army uniform."

The German military said its general was one of 14 coalition troops wounded in Tuesday's attack, adding that his life was not in danger. Seven Americans and five British troops were among the wounded, an Afghan official said.

Past insider attacks have eroded trust while straining foreign efforts to train Afghanistan's 350,000-strong security force and prepare them to fight the Taliban once most U.S. and NATO forces depart.

U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel spoke by phone with General Joe Dunford, who commands U.S. and international troops in Afghanistan, about the incident, Kirby said. He said the shooting was being investigated jointly by Afghan authorities and the international military coalition that is winding down its long mission in Afghanistan.

The Afghan president was quick to condemn the attack, saying the delegation had been visiting the facility to help build the country's security forces.

The Taliban says insider attacks reflect their ability to infiltrate the enemy. International military coalition officials say the incidents often arise over misunderstandings or altercations between troops.

U.S. military officials said it was too soon to say whether the high-ranking officers had been specifically targeted by the shooter.

"We remain committed to our mission in Afghanistan and will continue to work with our Afghan partners to ensure the safety and security of all coalition soldiers and civilians," Odierno said.

'PERNICIOUS THREAT'

In 2012, dozens of incidents forced international troops to take measures to reduce interaction with their Afghan partners. Since then, the number of insider attacks has fallen sharply.

According to a Pentagon report on the war in April, there were 15 insider attacks against foreign troops in 2013, down from 48 in 2012.

"Despite this sharp decline, these attacks may still have strategic effects on the campaign and could jeopardize the relationship between coalition and ANSF personnel," the report stated. "Insurgents remain intent on utilizing insider attacks as an integral component of their asymmetric strategy."

The report concluded that armed guards known as 'guardian angels' accompanying coalition officials had reduced casualties by counter-attacking those who tried to kill foreigners.

Meanwhile, insider attacks against Afghan forces were on the rise, the report said.

Like other Western countries, the United States is planning to leave a residual force in Afghanistan after the NATO mission ends this year, mainly focused on supporting Afghan forces. But U.S. officials say that first they must sign a bilateral troop deal, which cannot be finalized until Afghanistan resolves an election dispute and swears in a new president.

The departure will leave Afghanistan's forces - built from scratch since 2001 and still struggling with problems of incomplete training, illiteracy and desertion - in charge of the bulk of the fight with the Taliban.

Pentagon spokesman Kirby said that despite protective measures it would be impossible to eliminate the threat of such attacks entirely.

"The insider threat is ... a pernicious threat. And it's difficult to always ascertain," Kirby said. "Afghanistan is still a war zone."

Ed Royce, chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives' Foreign Affairs Committee, said the progress in protecting foreign troops serving in Afghanistan had been inadequate.

"Many brave U.S forces are working hard to help stand up the Afghan forces so they can continue to take the lead in Afghanistan," he said. "They don’t deserve to be victims of such cowardly terrorist attacks."

In a similar attack on Tuesday, several people were wounded in Afghanistan's eastern province of Paktia when a policeman opened fire on international and Afghan forces, police chief Zalmay Oryakhil said.

Adding to the tension, a NATO air strike hit a vehicle carrying civilians in western Herat province, local officials said, killing four members of a family returning from a wedding, including two children.

(Additional reporting by Missy Ryan and Phil Stewart in Washington, Sabine Siebold in Berlin, Krista Mahr in Kabul, Jalil Ahmad Rezaee in Herat and Ahmad Sultan in Gardez; Editing by Janet Lawrence, Howard Goller, G Crosse Grant McCool) https://twitter.com/Inayat__Ullah

Start Sprucin' | Spruced Up - Your photos made perfect

General Key board Shortcuts

General Keyboard Shortcuts, Here:---

General Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)

CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Inayat Ullah عنایت اللہ

Meno Bar

Several wounded as Afghan soldier opens fire at British military academy

د ګردېز ګنېشا

د ګردېز ګنېشا

د ګردېز ګنېش

پکار : اللہ کی خاطر - مولانا اسلم شیخوپوری صاحب

Start Sprucin' | Spruced Up - Your photos made perfect

General Key board Shortcuts